+typedef struct vg_str vg_str;
+struct vg_str{
+ char *buffer;
+ i32 i, len;
+};
+
+static void vg_strnull( vg_str *str, char *buffer, i32 len ){
+ str->buffer = buffer;
+ str->buffer[0] = '\0';
+ str->i = 0;
+ str->len = len;
+
+ assert(len);
+}
+
+static void vg_strcat( vg_str *str, const char *append ){
+ if( !append ) return;
+ if( str->i == -1 ) return;
+
+ for( u32 i=0; str->i < str->len; str->i ++, i ++ ){
+ str->buffer[ str->i ] = append[ i ];
+
+ if( append[ i ] == '\0' )
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* overflow */
+ str->buffer[ str->i ] = '\0';
+ str->i = -1;
+}
+
+static void vg_strcati32( vg_str *str, i32 value ){
+ if( value ){
+ char temp[32];
+ int i=0;
+ while( value && (i<31) ){
+ temp[ i ++ ] = '0' + (value % 10);
+ value /= 10;
+ }
+
+ char reverse[32];
+ for( int j=0; j<i; j ++ )
+ reverse[j] = temp[ i-1-j ];
+ reverse[i] = '\0';
+
+ vg_strcat( str, reverse );
+ }
+ else
+ vg_strcat( str, "0" );
+}
+
+static int vg_strgood( vg_str *str ){
+ if( str->i == -1 ) return 0;
+ else return 1;
+}
+
+static char *vg_strch( vg_str *str, char c ){
+ char *ptr = NULL;
+ for( i32 i=0; i<str->i; i++ ){
+ if( str->buffer[i] == c )
+ ptr = str->buffer+i;
+ }
+
+ return ptr;
+}
+
+static u32 vg_strdjb2( const char *str ){